The mission of the Meditation Research Program at Mass General and Harvard is to establish a scientific understanding of, and also share, advanced meditation. The Program’s research spans and integrates diverse fields across clinical sciene and medicine, computer/computational science, engineering, epidemiology, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology, and religious studies. For example, the Program’s studies include investigation of meditative development and meditative endpoints toward a more comprehensive understanding of the trajectories and outcomes of advanced meditation. The Program has published landmark studies in a number of domains including contributing first insights into scientific understanding of advanced absorption (“jhana”) and insight meditation, and meditative endpoints (cessations of consciousness), and the epidemiology and public health implications of altered states of consciousness. This research promises to contribute to improving individual well-being and the collective health of society by informing the development of meditation training and meditation-based interventions that are more impactful. Toward this end, the Program develops advanced meditation training and educational materials for a broad dissemination.